Both managers were presented with the same situation, but they noticed different aspects. The first manager asked why the machine was stopped, and the second manager asked if the employee thought that he could fix it. Both managers simultaneously asked the worker a question. One managerвЂ™s attention focused on the stopped machine the other manager focused on the worker who was trying to fix it. For example, while conducting a factory tour, two managers came across a piece of machinery. Next, the individual focuses attention on this one object or stimulus, as opposed to others, and concentrates his efforts on understanding or comprehending the stimulus. The individual is first exposed to an object or stimulus-a loud noise, a new car, a tall building, another person, and so on. In essence, perceptual selectivity works as follows (see Exhibit 3.2). Without this ability to focus on one or a few stimuli instead of the hundreds constantly surrounding us, we would be unable to process all the information necessary to initiate behavior.

Perceptual Selectivity: Seeing What We SeeДЄs noted above, perceptual selectivity refers to the process by which individuals select objects in the environment for attention. Hence, if we clearly recognize and understand we are in danger from a falling rock or a car, we can quickly move out of the way.Д«ecause of the importance of perceptual selectivity for understanding the perception of work situations, we will examine this concept in some detail before considering the topic of social perception. When meaning has been attached to an object, individuals are in a position to determine an appropriate response or reaction to it. This second process is termed perceptual organization. Once individuals notice a particular object, they then attempt to make sense out of it by organizing or categorizing it according to their unique frame of reference and their needs. Certain of these objects catch our attention, while others do not. This process is called perceptual selectivity. The multitude of objects that vie for attention are first selected or screened by individuals. Every perceiver is, as it were, to some degree a nonrepresentational artist, painting a picture of the world that expresses an individual view of reality.

As described by Kretch and associates, 2 an individualвЂ™s perception of a given situation is not a photographic representation of the physical world it is a partial, personal construction in which certain objects, selected by the individual for a major role, are perceived in an individual manner. Perception does not necessarily lead to an accurate portrait of the environment, but rather to a unique portrait, influenced by the needs, desires, values, and disposition of the perceiver. 1 It is a process of making sense out of the environment in order to make an appropriate behavioral response. How do differences in perception affect employee behavior and performance?Д«y perception, we mean the process by which one screens, selects, organizes, and interprets stimuli to give them meaning.

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